Over-reaction
It’s like grabbing a sledgehammer to attack the tip of the iceberg.
La Union representative Thomas Dumpit filed a resolution calling for the grant of emergency powers to the President so that the rice crisis could be dealt with as a calamity. The resolution might be well-intentioned. But not well-informed.
As I mentioned in a previous column, what we are presently facing is not a rice crisis but a price crisis. It is a crisis that is not only afflicting us. It is a global problem.
Although the weapons we have so far relied on in dealing with the problem at hand have been largely drawn from the armory of law enforcement, the matter will have to be dealt with in the long run with the far more efficient weapons of economics.
We could go through a long list of reasons explaining why food prices are rising fast here as everywhere else. There are immediate factors such as weather-related disturbances in
Although land devoted to agriculture might have been decreasing, rice production has been rising — although not fast enough to keep pace with rising consumption induced by prosperity.
With rising domestic demand, traditional rice exporters such as
If better water-endowed mainland countries like
It will also be cheaper to produce rice in
About 68 million Filipinos are earning $2 per day. For them, the larger portion of their incomes go to food purchases. Any significant movement in the food price regime will have immediate and dramatic effects on their quality of life.
The price crisis, therefore, quickly translates into a crisis of access to affordable food. Especially rice.
Indonesians and Filipinos have been rather profligate in our rice consumption. Unlike neighboring mainland economies where rice in transformed into noodles for better storage and transport, we prefer our rice freshly steamed all the time. It is an energy-intensive, time-consuming food culture.
We are not only economically vulnerable to the food crunch. We are also culturally vulnerable.
We can debate no end on whether it is wise for us to even think of being rice sufficient. That will mean devoting scarce land to rice production that might otherwise be more productively used for housing, industry and commerce. That will also mean further straining our fresh water supplies.
But the immediate problem at hand is to avert price inaccessibility for our poorest households.
This is the consideration that has forced government to allow about P20 billion in rice subsidies to the poorest Filipinos. Those subsidies explain the wide gap between the price of NFA rice and the cheapest commercially available rice varieties.
There is no supply problem in the case of commercial rice varieties. For those who could afford fragrant rice at P60 a kilo, there is no palpable crisis at all.
But there is a crisis for those who could only afford rice at P18.25 per kilo. And it is in these income segments that rice lines are forming and where the phenomenon of “family hoarders” is appearing.
Spooked by the price gap between subsidized and commercial varieties of rice, poor families avail of NFA supplies whenever and wherever they are available. That puts pressure on NFA rice stocks.
The large price gap between NFA and commercial rice varieties also encourages syndicates to buy cheap subsidized rice and repackage the commodity for sale at commercial prices. There are large market incentives for doing so. And on this aspect, government has no choice but to respond with the instruments of law enforcement.
I don’t think it will be possible for government to subsidize large amounts of rice indefinitely. That will open a gaping hole in our public finances.
But neither can government allow serious price inaccessibility to happen. That will create panic.
A delicate balancing act will have to be performed, ensuring rice supply to prevent the outbreak of panic buying and artificial shortages and a market-sensitive price mechanism to work its way eventually. This does not require emergency powers. But in the near-term it will require the involvement of agencies like the NBI to prosecute repackaging syndicates, hoarders and all the felons produced by the large price variances that every subsidy creates.
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