According to the BPI, the stacked-train corn is a superior variety, since it is both resistant to insects while tolerant with herbicides.
Through genetic engineering, the company introduced the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene that enables the corn plant to resist the attacks of Asiatic corn borer, a dreaded insect pest that can cause as much as 80-percent yield reduction.
Monsanto Philippines also incorporated into the corn variety, the EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene, a naturally-occurring bacteria in the soils which allows the corn plant to continuously produce essential aromatic amino acids even with the presence of glyphosate, a non-selective herbicide.
Thus, glyphosate kills the weeds without harming the corn plant, unlike conventional corn plants when sprayed with glyphosate, stop producing the aromatic amino acids that are essential to their survival.
The EPSPS enzyme can be found in all plants, bacteria and fungi. Animals do not produce its own aromatic amino acids; thus, they need to obtain it from plants for survival.
This latest corn variety also combines the traits of two earlier approved biotech corn varieties developed by Monsanto – the Roundup Ready corn and Bt corn.
In 2002, the Philippines approved Bt corn Mon 810. This gene is incorporated into the different commercial local corn varieties of Monsanto and Pioneer Hi-bred Philippines.
Locally, the Monsanto Bt corn hybrids are known as Dekalb(DK) 818YG, DK9161YG, and DK9051YG. On the other hand, the local Bt corn hybrid varieties of Pioneer Hi-bred Philippines are sold as 30Y84, 30Y50, 30Y80, 30Y73, and 30Y34.
Earlier this year, the BPI approved the Bt 11 of Syngenta Philippines for planting. The biotech crop products of Syngenta Philippines are marketed under the Agrisure trade name. For the approved Bt 11, its commercial variety is sold as NK 5447Bt.
Monsanto’s Corn NK 603 or Roundup Ready corn was approved for commercial use also this year and introduced the EPSPS gene into the chromosome of the corn plant. It is sold as DK818RRC2.
The Department of Agriculture (DA) is endorsing the use of biotech corn in its bid to be self-sufficient in corn, the second major staple of the Philippines next to rice.
Since commercial planting of Bt corn in 2003, there are now an estimated aggregate area of 70,000 hectares planted to insect-protected corn.
The introduction of new high-yielding biotech corn varieties is expected to encourage more farmers to shift to Bt corn.
Corn areas in the country planted to genetically-modified Bt corn variety is projected to double to 100,000 hectares this year from 54,668 hectares in 2004.
Randy Hautea, global coordinator of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications said there is no reversing the trend as more corn farmers realize the benefits of shifting to planting Bt corn.
"The initial apprehensions of planting Bt corn is being gradually replaced by more corn farmers wanting to also experience the gains made by the first planters when they shifted to planting this pest resistant corn variety," said Hautea.